Former US Housing secretery Bailout is above law-English
Decisions by the Secretary are above law and may not be reviewed by any court of law or any administrative agency
Decisions by the Secretary are above law and may not be reviewed by any court of law or any administrative agency
42m:6s
4708
[30 Dec 2013] France is way in above its head in CAR A Azikiwe - English
Press TV has conducted an interview with Abayomi Azikiwe, the editor of Pan African News Wire from Detroit, about the crisis in Central African...
Press TV has conducted an interview with Abayomi Azikiwe, the editor of Pan African News Wire from Detroit, about the crisis in Central African Republic, French intervention and its impact on the population.
3m:33s
4828
Ashura & Arbaeen Call Towards UNITY | Imam Khomeini (R) |...
Imam Husayn (A) is the Imam of all the truth-seekers, justice-seekers, and freedom-seekers of the world. Imam Husayn (A) is above...
Imam Husayn (A) is the Imam of all the truth-seekers, justice-seekers, and freedom-seekers of the world. Imam Husayn (A) is above the religious divisions, he is above the sectarian divisions, he is above the ethnic divisions, he is above the linguistic divisions, he is above the regional divisions. Imam Husayn (A) unites the humanity; Imam Husayn (A) unites the oppressed; Imam Husayn (A) unites the righteous; Imam Husayn (A) unites the believers; Imam Husayn (A) unites us all.
1m:7s
5134
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[Quick Recipe] Dry Fruit Mix Powder for Kids Recipe - English and Urdu
Dry-fruit Mix powder for babies, toddlers or even older kids. See complete video for details. #HappyParentingToYou
Dry Fruit Mix Powder Recipe...
Dry-fruit Mix powder for babies, toddlers or even older kids. See complete video for details. #HappyParentingToYou
Dry Fruit Mix Powder Recipe in English:
Ingredients:
-Badam (Almonds) ¾ Cup
-Pista (Pistachio) ½ Cup
-Kaju (Cashew nuts) ½ Cup
-Saunf (Fennel seeds) 2 tsp
-Sonth (Dried ginger) ½ inch piece
-Hari elaichi seeds (Green cardamom seeds) powder ½ tsp
-Brown sugar or Raw sugar ½ Cup (optional)
-Jaifil (Nutmeg) powder ½ tsp
Directions:
-In frying pan,add almonds,pistachio,cashew nuts and roast for 2 minutes.
-Add fennel seeds and roast for 1 more minute & let it cool down.
-In mixer,add roasted nuts,dried ginger and green cardamom seeds powder,grind well until fine powder (in batches) & take out in airtight jar.
-In mixer,add brown sugar or raw sugar and grind well & take out in airtight jar.
-Add nutmeg powder and mix well.
-Let it cool completely then store in airtight container.
-Can be serve with porridge,yogurt,cererals,milk,smoothies,shakes,desserts & sweets.
Important instructions:
For babies above 10 months and toddlers, start with adding ¼ TSP & slowly increase it to 1 TSP.
For children of 2 years & above, add 1 TSP to ½ TBS in milk, porridge or cereals.
This powder can be given to babies above 10 months, toddlers & children of all ages
Always check with your pediatrician before introducing any new food to your child.
Benefits:
Dry fruits are considered as one of the best weight gaining foods which help in proper growth & improve immunity.
They aid in digestion, improve hemoglobin levels in body, protect cardiovascular health & maintain healthy bones.
They are rich in unsaturated fats, protein, Omega - 3 Fatty Acids, Antioxidants, Vitamin E and Fiber.
Tips:
Store in airtight container/jar keep in refrigerator for up to 1 month.
Brown or raw sugar is optional & quantity can be adjusted.
Don’t over blend the mixture as the nuts may leave oil.
Recipe in Urdu:
Ajza:
-Badam (Almonds) ¾ Cup
-Pista (Pistachio) ½ Cup
-Kaju (Cashew nuts) ½ Cup
-Saunf (Fennel seeds) 2 tsp
-Sonth (Dried ginger) ½ inch piece
-Hari elaichi seeds (Green cardamom seeds) powder ½ tsp
-Brown sugar or Raw sugar ½ Cup (optional)
-Jaifil (Nutmeg) powder ½ tsp
Directions:
-Frying pan mein badam,pista aur kaju dal ker 2 minutes kliya roast ker lein.
-Saunf dal dein aur mazeed 1 minute kliya roast ker lein aur side per rakh ker thanda ker lein.
-Mixer mein roasted nuts,sonth aur hari elaichi seeds powder dal ker ache tarhan grind ker ka fine powder tayyar ker lein (in batches) aur airtight jar mein dal dein.
-Mixer mein brown sugar or raw cheeni dal ker ache tarhan grind karein aur airtight jar mein dal dein.
-Jaifil powder dal ker ache tarhan mix ker lein.
-Thanda ker lein aur airtight container mein store ker lein.
-Daliya,dahi,cererals,doodh,smoothies,shakes,desserts aur sweets mein dal ker serve karein.
1m:39s
6176
What is that - Father Son and a Sparrow - Very inspiring - English sub
Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life say not...
Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life say not to them a word of contempt nor repel them but address them in terms of honour. And out of kindness lower to them the wing of humility and say My Lord bestow on them thy Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood Noble Quran 17 23-24 ---- Explaining the verse And lower unto them the wing of submission through mercy - Imam Jafar al-Sadiq said When you look at them do not fill your eyes with anything else but mercy and sympathy and do not raise your voice above their voice and do not put your hand above theirs and do not go in front of them
5m:30s
25152
The Real Democray - Iran Elections Voting & London Voting- English
As Iran witnesses an unprecedented turnout in its closely-fought presidential election, the polling time is extended to accommodate the massive...
As Iran witnesses an unprecedented turnout in its closely-fought presidential election, the polling time is extended to accommodate the massive lines of voters.
The Interior Ministry announced that the polling time has been extended to 9 p.m. local time.
Our correspondent Gisoo Misha Ahmadi who is stationed at the ministry reported that polling stations have been ordered to remain open until further notice due to the massive electoral turnout.
Tens of millions of Iranians have crowded to the polls to take part in the election in which the incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad seeks a second term in office while facing a strong challenge from former prime minister Mir-Hossein Moussavi.
After weeks of intense campaigns, turnout appears to be extraordinarily high, with polling stations packed all day.
Interior Minister Sadeq Mahsouli said that the turnout would be above 70 percent -- a new record.
Kamran Daneshjoo, the head of the country's electoral committee, had earlier promised to put in place a strategy to ensure "maximum participation" from the 46.2 million eligible -- aged 18 and above -- voters.
Two-time parliament Speaker Mehdi Karroubi (1989-1992 and 2000-2004) and Expediency Council Secretary Mohsen Rezaei are also battling for office in the crucial election.
If no candidate gets absolute majority of votes in the first round, the two front-runners will face a run-off vote on June 19
8m:13s
6769
(Latest) The Real Democray - History of Iranian Election Past...
As Iran witnesses an unprecedented turnout in its closely-fought presidential election, the polling time is extended to accommodate the massive...
As Iran witnesses an unprecedented turnout in its closely-fought presidential election, the polling time is extended to accommodate the massive lines of voters.
The Interior Ministry announced that the polling time has been extended to 9 p.m. local time.
Our correspondent Gisoo Misha Ahmadi who is stationed at the ministry reported that polling stations have been ordered to remain open until further notice due to the massive electoral turnout.
Tens of millions of Iranians have crowded to the polls to take part in the election in which the incumbent President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad seeks a second term in office while facing a strong challenge from former prime minister Mir-Hossein Moussavi.
After weeks of intense campaigns, turnout appears to be extraordinarily high, with polling stations packed all day.
Interior Minister Sadeq Mahsouli said that the turnout would be above 70 percent -- a new record.
Kamran Daneshjoo, the head of the country's electoral committee, had earlier promised to put in place a strategy to ensure "maximum participation" from the 46.2 million eligible -- aged 18 and above -- voters.
Two-time parliament Speaker Mehdi Karroubi (1989-1992 and 2000-2004) and Expediency Council Secretary Mohsen Rezaei are also battling for office in the crucial election.
If no candidate gets absolute majority of votes in the first round, the two front-runners will face a run-off vote on June 19
8m:29s
8626
Self-Centeredness Is The Inheritance of Satan | Imam Khomeini (R) |...
How does Imam Khomeini (R) describe the story of Prophet Adam (A) and the time of his creation?
What did the angels say to the Almighty Allah...
How does Imam Khomeini (R) describe the story of Prophet Adam (A) and the time of his creation?
What did the angels say to the Almighty Allah in response to His appointed Prophet Adam (A) as His representative?
How is the above response of the angels related to self-centeredness?
What did Ibless do when the Almighty Allah commanded all to make obeisance to Prophet Adam (A)?
And how is the above reaction of Ibless related to self-centeredness?
What quality is it when one considers the good in themselves, but takes note of the bad in others?
What did Iblees say to the Almighty Allah before he was outcasted and accursed?
What is one of the ways that Shaytan tries to deceive mankind?
What are some practical examples of how self-centeredness can manifest itself in the present-day whether on an individual, societal, or governmental level?
And finally, what is the inheritance of Satan and where all can it be seen?
His eminence, the founding father of the Islamic Republic, Imam Khomeini (R), speaks about how "Self-Centeredness Is The Inheritance of Satan".
6m:29s
8667
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The Nakba Day; Then And Now | Leader of the Muslim Ummah | Farsi Sub...
How does Imam Khamenei describe the Zionist regime of israel?
What is the Zionist regime doing to the region?
And what are the Arrogant...
How does Imam Khamenei describe the Zionist regime of israel?
What is the Zionist regime doing to the region?
And what are the Arrogant Powers doing, vis-à-vis the Zionist regime?
Why did the United States of America attack Afghanistan and Iraq?
And did the Arrogant Powers achieve the above-mentioned goal that they attacked Afghanistan and Iraq for?
Who was it that prevented the Arrogant Powers from total domination over the West Asian region?
What is the promise of Allah found in the holy Qur'an as regards to Islam and its ultimate victory?
Finally, what is the condition for the above to become practically implemented?
The Leader of the Muslim Ummah, Imam Sayyid Ali Khamenei, answers and speaks about "The Nakba Day; Then And Now".
Our condolences to the Palestinian people on 'The Nakba Day'.
And our cheers to you, for Palestine Will Be Free, From The River To The Sea!
3m:2s
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Ghadeer, Wilayate, & The Completion of Islam | IP Talk Show | English
Welcome to the Islamic Pulse Talk Show.
In this episode we\'re talking about the auspicious and blessed Eid of Eid al-Ghadeer as we discuss...
Welcome to the Islamic Pulse Talk Show.
In this episode we\'re talking about the auspicious and blessed Eid of Eid al-Ghadeer as we discuss \"Ghadeer, Wilayate, & The Completion of Islam\".
Are there any contemporary scholars of the Ahl al-Sunnah sect who have spoken about the event of Ghadeer?
What is the historical background to the event of Ghadeer?
What are some verses of the holy Qur\'an that are related to the event of Ghadeer?
What is interesting about the terminology used in verse number 67 of Chapter Maidah of the holy Qur\'an; a verse which is intimately related to the event of Ghadeer?
And what conclusions can be made from the above-mentioned terminology used by the Almighty Allah in verse number 67 of Chapter Maidah of the holy Qur\'an?
How many Hajj did the Messenger of Allah (S) undertake in his life?
What are some unique points regarding the event of Ghadeer?
What is a unique point about the Khutba and the sermon which the holy Prophet Muhammad (S) delivered on the event of Ghadeer?
What is one of the things that is recommended to do on the day of Eid al-Ghadeer?
What did the Messenger of Allah (S) officially, publicly, and openly transfer to Imam Ali (A) on the day of Eid al-Ghadeer?
What is an interesting point about the pledging of allegiance to Imam Ali (A) in the event of Ghadeer?
What are some interesting points regarding verse number 3 of Chapter Maidah of the holy Qur\'an in relation to the discussion regarding Ghadeer?
And according to an understanding of the above-mentioned verse of the holy Qur\'an, what was it that guaranteed Islam; something that occurred in the event of Ghadeer?
Did this Wilayah of Islam end with the occultation of the 12th Imam (A); and if not, where can we see the concept of the Wilayah of Islam being implemented and continued in the present-day during the greater occultation of Imam al-Mahdi (A)?
What are the various kinds of Wilayah, and based upon the order of the Almighty Allah, which ones did the Messenger of Allah (S) transfer to Imam Ali (A)?
What is the natural historical progression of Wilayah which in the end has resulted in the present-day concept of Wilayatul Faqih?
And finally, can we find in the present-day, physical manifestations of the teachings of the Messenger of Allah (S) and the Immaculate Imams (A)?
To answer these questions and more, we humbly invited Shaykh Hurr Shabbiri from the United Kingdom, to sit down with us and speak a little bit about the historical event and great Eid known as Eid al-Ghadeer as we discuss \"Ghadeer, Wilayate, & The Completion of Islam\".
A very happy and blessed Eid al-Ghadeer and Eid al-Wilayah to you all out there, wherever you are!
#IslamicPulse #IPTalkShow #Allah #Muslims #Shia #Islam #Quran #AhulBayt #Ghadeer #Ghadir #EidGhadir #EidGhadeer #Eid #Mawla #Mowla #Hajj #18thDhulHijjah #DhulHijjah #GhadirKhum #Khum #Ali #ImamAli #Politics #Secularism #Resistance #Taghut #Falsehood #Truth #Justice #ImamKhamenei #Imam #ImamKhomeini #Wilayate #Khilafa #Caliphate #Caliph #Leader #Imamate #Wilayah #WilayatAlFaqih #Khamenei #JihadeTabyiin #AwaitedOne #Mahdi #Media #SoftWar #IslamicRepublic #Revolution #Resistance #IslamicRevolution #IslamicAwareness
41m:16s
3761
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Buy Nothing Day on CNN - English
Why is it so hard to rise above their selfish needs and desires? Many people that do understand the consequences of consumerism do not always do...
Why is it so hard to rise above their selfish needs and desires? Many people that do understand the consequences of consumerism do not always do anything substantial to resist it because often they themselves are deep into materialism in one way or another. Some of these people may hate Bill Gates and Donald Trump but at the same time they want to become rich and famous like these two. That is true for people in the West and the East. Materialism that was a result of a specific historical experience of the so called Modernity is the West is pretty much a global phenomenon today. Thanks to corporatization in the name of globalization! Consumerism is but one facet of the larger phenomenon of materialism. Simple quantitative changes in our lifestyle would not do much. What we need is a fundamental qualitative change in our lives and in our societies. ---- In the clip one of the organizers of the world-wide Buy-Nothing-Day Kalle Lasn was interviewed by a CNN anchor in one of the previous years. ----
5m:15s
7918
Saudi Prince Bandar - Best friend of Israel - English
Latet News: 15th May 2008
Saudi-Israeli plot against Hezbollah
Thu, 15 May 2008 16:36:28
Prince Bandar bin Sultan (L), Ehud Olmert...
Latet News: 15th May 2008
Saudi-Israeli plot against Hezbollah
Thu, 15 May 2008 16:36:28
Prince Bandar bin Sultan (L), Ehud Olmert
Former Saudi Ambassador to the US Prince Bandar bin Sultan asks Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert to move against Hezbollah.
Saudi's Prince Bandar bin Sultan has formally requested Olmert to move the Zionist regime's military forces in the north of the Occupied Lands on the border with Lebanon as a threat against Hezbollah if the latter did not stop attacking government of Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora, Filkka - Israel website revealed Wednesday.
Bandar bin Sultan arrived in the Occupied Territories in his private plane directly from Jeddah airport to Lod Airport in Tel Aviv.
Bin Sultan asked Olmert to do what is necessary to support PM Siniora, offering to bear all the financial costs of any Israeli war against Hezbollah.
Israeli prime minister, Ehud Olmert who is under investigation in a bribe case, said that he could not do so now, assuring his guest that he could not wage a war on behalf of Saudi Arabia, but he will discuss the issue with the Israeli officials in order to carry out military maneuvers in the south of Lebanon.
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=55813§ionid=351020203
Old News :
This is a Broadcast that hit mainstream UK TV. Please send link out. It exposes The UK Labour Party protecting illegal corporate activities of BAE and the notorious Prince Bandar whom the Bush`s nicknamed "Bandar Bush" because of the close family ties shared since the 70`s.
The Scotland Yard Fraud Squad was about to seize The Princes Swiss Bank accounts, till Tony Blair and his puppetmasters pulled the plug on a 3 year investigation, citing "National Security". The very nature of letting this corruption continue in favor of weapons contracts is sheer blackmail. Whats good for the economy isnt always best for people.The Evidence of kickbacks and slushfunds uncovered by Scotland Yard proves its clear whos intrests they are covering up $%@{
The Law is the Law, and no one, including middle east royalty should be above it.
7m:42s
15380
Cluster bombs Hell from above - English
111 countries ban the use of cluster bombs except Israel Russia China India Pakistan and the US
111 countries ban the use of cluster bombs except Israel Russia China India Pakistan and the US
3m:21s
5092
Harassment by Zionists - Unbelievable & Shocking but NOT Surprising...
Harassment by Zionists - Unbelievable & Shocking but NOT Surprising - English. This is some serious mental torture... It is in violation of all...
Harassment by Zionists - Unbelievable & Shocking but NOT Surprising - English. This is some serious mental torture... It is in violation of all the international laws and above all, it is in the violation of basic human rights of humanity.
3m:34s
7648
Children of Palestine- Message from Haytham - Arabic sub Eng
Edited from RCP (Press TV, 09/08/2009). Haytham Kheir Khodor's message to his late cousin, Mohammed Bashir Khodor, who was killed during...
Edited from RCP (Press TV, 09/08/2009). Haytham Kheir Khodor's message to his late cousin, Mohammed Bashir Khodor, who was killed during Gaza Massacre: "I would like others to learn from him and follow him to the heavens above. And I want him to be proud of us and be happy."
His wish for Gaza: "...I would bring the forests back.
And make it beautiful like it once was. I would be happy to see this and celebrate with my cousins... "
His message to the world:"... We do not want anything.
We are willing to live on bread and salt but to return to our house... But no matter what, we will never give up our country. We will never sell our nation with money...
And we are resisting, in spite of the difficulties we will never surrender, eventually we will be victorious."
3m:46s
6719
Leader Ayatollah Khamenei Commends Plan to issue New IDs - 31st Jan 2010...
Leader Ayatollah Khamenei Commends plan to issue New IDs for Iranian Citizens above the age of 15 - on the occassion of the Beginning of the...
Leader Ayatollah Khamenei Commends plan to issue New IDs for Iranian Citizens above the age of 15 - on the occassion of the Beginning of the Ten-Day Dawn Ceremonies - 31st Jan 2010 - Farsi
2m:56s
5457
Islamic Republic Iran, Army Day 2010 - All Languages
Iran Unveils Iranian "S-300" on Army Day
During the military parade on Army Day in Iran, what looks very much like an Iranian variant...
Iran Unveils Iranian "S-300" on Army Day
During the military parade on Army Day in Iran, what looks very much like an Iranian variant of the Russian S-300 air defense system was on display.
In 2007, Tehran announced that it signed a contract to buy S-300 from Russia, but Moscow, lobbied by Washington and Tel Aviv, has not delivered, citing "technical problems." From Moscow's point of view, S-300, as long as it remains in contract but undelivered, is, like the Bushehr nuclear reactor, a great bargaining chip vis-à-vis the West, which Tehran can see.
In February this year, it was reported that Air Force commander Heshmatollah Kassiri said "a new domestically-made air defense system" would be unveiled "in the near future." What is seen in the video and the photograph above is probably just that. The question is whether Iran can make it "as powerful as the S-300 system," as Mr. Kassiri asserted it would be.
4m:17s
7959
Israeli Attack on the Mavi Marmara - Raw Footage - 11Jun2010 - All...
On the night of Sunday, May 30, showing a terrifying disregard for human life, Israeli naval forces surrounded and boarded ships sailing to bring...
On the night of Sunday, May 30, showing a terrifying disregard for human life, Israeli naval forces surrounded and boarded ships sailing to bring humanitarian aid to the blockaded Gaza Strip. On the largest ship, the Mavi Marmara, Israeli commandos opened fire on civilian passengers, killing at least 9 passengers and wounding dozens more. Others are still missing. The final death toll is yet to be determined. Cultures of Resistance director Iara Lee was aboard the besieged ship and has since returned home safely.
Despite the Israeli government's thorough efforts to confiscate all footage taken during the attack, Iara Lee was able to retain some of her recordings. Above is raw footage from the moments leading up to and during the Israeli commandos' assault on the Mavi Marmara.
62m:12s
7969
[Islamimarkaz.com] Haqeeqi Momin kon hay, Maqsad-e-Khilqat-e-Insan -...
In short clip Agha Jawad tried to explain Maqsad-e-Khilqat-e-Insan, who is the real Momin according to Quran, Allah La-Maqan hay. This is the brief...
In short clip Agha Jawad tried to explain Maqsad-e-Khilqat-e-Insan, who is the real Momin according to Quran, Allah La-Maqan hay. This is the brief of these terms, for detailed explanation of above terms, listen/watch the full lecture at www.islamimarkaz.com
or the link to this lecture:
http://www.islamimarkaz.com/video/2010Ramazan/FalsafaERoza/02.wmv
9m:22s
26036
Syria President offers more freedoms after forces kill 37 - 24Mar2011 -...
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/24/us-syria-idUSTRE72N2MC20110324.
President Bashar al-Assad made an unprecedented pledge of greater...
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/24/us-syria-idUSTRE72N2MC20110324.
President Bashar al-Assad made an unprecedented pledge of greater freedom and more prosperity to Syrians Thursday as anger mounted following a crackdown on protesters that left at least 37 dead.
As an aide to Assad in Damascus read out a list of decrees, which included a possible end to 48 years of emergency rule, a human rights group said a leading pro-democracy activist, Mazen Darwish, had been arrested.
In the southern city of Deraa, a hospital official said at least 37 people had been killed there Wednesday when security forces opened fire on demonstrators inspired by uprisings across the Arab world that have shaken authoritarian leaders.
Announcing the sort of concessions that would have seemed almost unimaginable three months ago in Syria, Assad adviser Bouthaina Shaaban told a news conference the president had not himself ordered his forces to fire on protesters:
"I was a witness to the instructions of His Excellency that live ammunition should not be fired -- even if the police, security forces or officers of the status were being killed."
Assad, she said, would draft laws to provide for media freedoms and allow political movements other than the Baath party, which has ruled for half a century.
Assad, who succeed his late father Hafez al-Assed in 2000, had, Shaaban said, decreed the drafting of a law for political parties "to be presented for public debate" and would strive above all to raise living standards across the country.
She said another decree would look at "ending with great urgency the emergency law, along with issuing legislation that assures the security of the nation and its citizens."
DERAA KILLINGS
Security forces opened fire on hundreds of youths on the outskirts of Deraa Wednesday, witnesses said, after nearly a week of protests in which seven civilians had already died.
The main hospital in Deraa, in southern Syria near the Jordanian border, had received the bodies of at least 37 protesters killed Wednesday, a hospital official said.
Around 20,000 people marched Thursday in the funerals for nine of those killed, chanting freedom slogans and denying official accounts that infiltrators and "armed gangs" were behind the killings and violence in Deraa.
"Traitors do not kill their own people," they chanted. "God, Syria, Freedom. The blood of martyrs is not spilled in vain!"
As Syrian soldiers armed with automatic rifles roamed the streets of the southern city, residents emptied shops of basic goods and said they feared Assad's government was intent on crushing the revolt by force.
Assad, a close ally of Iran, key player in neighboring Lebanon and supporter of militant groups opposed to Israel, had earlier dismissed demands for reform in Syria, a country of 20 million people run by the Baath Party since a 1963 coup. Assad's father took personal in 1970.
1m:2s
7828
Cracking Stuxnet - A 21st-century cyber weapon against Iran - Ralph...
When first discovered in 2010, the Stuxnet computer worm posed a baffling puzzle. Beyond its unusually high level of sophistication loomed a more...
When first discovered in 2010, the Stuxnet computer worm posed a baffling puzzle. Beyond its unusually high level of sophistication loomed a more troubling mystery: its purpose. Ralph Langner and team helped crack the code that revealed this digital warhead's final target -- and its covert origins. In a fascinating look inside cyber-forensics, he explains how.
The idea behind the Stuxnet computer worm is actually quite simple. We don't want Iran to get the Bomb. Their major asset for developing nuclear weapons is the Natanz uranium enrichment facility. The gray boxes that you see, these are real-time control systems. Now if we manage to compromise these systems that control drive speeds and valves, we can actually cause a lot of problems with the centrifuge. The gray boxes don't run Windows software; they are a completely different technology. But if we manage to place a good Windows virus on a notebook that is used by a maintenance engineer to configure this gray box, then we are in business. And this is the plot behind Stuxnet.
So we start with a Windows dropper. The payload goes onto the gray box, damages the centrifuge, and the Iranian nuclear program is delayed -- mission accomplished. That's easy, huh? I want to tell you how we found that out. When we started our research on Stuxnet six months ago, it was completely unknown what the purpose of this thing was. The only thing that was known is very, very complex on the Windows part, the dropper part, used multiple zero-day vulnerabilities. And it seemed to want to do something with these gray boxes, these real-time control systems. So that got our attention, and we started a lab project where we infected our environment with Stuxnet and checked this thing out. And then some very funny things happened. Stuxnet behaved like a lab rat that didn't like our cheese -- sniffed, but didn't want to eat. Didn't make sense to me. And after we experimented with different flavors of cheese, I realized, well, this is a directed attack. It's completely directed. The dropper is prowling actively on the gray box if a specific configuration is found, and even if the actual program that it's trying to infect is actually running on that target. And if not, Stuxnet does nothing.
So that really got my attention, and we started to work on this nearly around the clock, because I thought, well, we don't know what the target is. It could be, let's say for example, a U.S. power plant, or a chemical plant in Germany. So we better find out what the target is soon. So we extracted and decompiled the attack code, and we discovered that it's structured in two digital bombs -- a smaller one and a bigger one. And we also saw that they are very professionally engineered by people who obviously had all insider information. They knew all the bits and bites that they had to attack. They probably even know the shoe size of the operator. So they know everything.
And if you have heard that the dropper of Stuxnet is complex and high-tech, let me tell you this: the payload is rocket science. It's way above everything that we have ever seen before. Here you see a sample of this actual attack code. We are talking about -- round about 15,000 lines of code. Looks pretty much like old-style assembly language. And I want to tell you how we were able to make sense out of this code. So what we were looking for is first of all is system function calls, because we know what they do.
And then we were looking for timers and data structures and trying to relate them to the real world -- to potential real world targets. So we do need target theories that we can prove or disprove. In order to get target theories, we remember that it's definitely hardcore sabotage, it must be a high-value target, and it is most likely located in Iran, because that's where most of the infections had been reported. Now you don't find several thousand targets in that area. It basically boils down to the Bushehr nuclear power plant and to the Natanz fuel enrichment plant.
So I told my assistant, "Get me a list of all centrifuge and power plant experts from our client base." And I phoned them up and picked their brain in an effort to match their expertise with what we found in code and data. And that worked pretty well. So we were able to associate the small digital warhead with the rotor control. The rotor is that moving part within the centrifuge, that black object that you see. And if you manipulate the speed of this rotor, you are actually able to crack the rotor and eventually even have the centrifuge explode. What we also saw is that the goal of the attack was really to do it slowly and creepy -- obviously in an effort to drive maintenance engineers crazy, that they would not be able to figure this out quickly.
The big digital warhead -- we had a shot at this by looking very closely at data and data structures. So for example, the number 164 really stands out in that code; you can't overlook it. I started to research scientific literature on how these centrifuges are actually built in Natanz and found they are structured in what is called a cascade, and each cascade holds 164 centrifuges. So that made sense, it was a match.
And it even got better. These centrifuges in Iran are subdivided into 15, what is called, stages. And guess what we found in the attack code? An almost identical structure. So again, that was a real good match. And this gave us very high confidence for what we were looking at. Now don't get me wrong here, it didn't go like this. These results have been obtained over several weeks of really hard labor. And we often went into just a dead-end and had to recover.
Anyway, so we figured out that both digital warheads were actually aiming at one and the same target, but from different angles. The small warhead is taking one cascade, and spinning up the rotors and slowing them down, and the big warhead is talking to six cascades and manipulating valves. So in all, we are very confident that we have actually determined what the target is. It is Natanz, and it is only Natanz. So we don't have to worry that other targets might be hit by Stuxnet.
Here's some very cool stuff that we saw -- really knocked my socks off. Down there is the gray box, and on the top you see the centrifuges. Now what this thing does is it intercepts the input values from sensors -- so for example, from pressure sensors and vibration sensors -- and it provides legitimate code, which is still running during the attack, with fake input data. And as a matter of fact, this fake input data is actually prerecorded by Stuxnet. So it's just like from the Hollywood movies where during the heist, the observation camera is fed with prerecorded video. That's cool, huh?
The idea here is obviously not only to fool the operators in the control room. It actually is much more dangerous and aggressive. The idea is to circumvent a digital safety system. We need digital safety systems where a human operator could not act quick enough. So for example, in a power plant, when your big steam turbine gets too over speed, you must open relief valves within a millisecond. Obviously, this cannot be done by a human operator. So this is where we need digital safety systems. And when they are compromised, then real bad things can happen. Your plant can blow up. And neither your operators nor your safety system will notice it. That's scary.
But it gets worse. And this is very important, what I'm going to say. Think about this. This attack is generic. It doesn't have anything to do, in specifics, with centrifuges, with uranium enrichment. So it would work as well, for example, in a power plant or in an automobile factory. It is generic. And you don't have -- as an attacker -- you don't have to deliver this payload by a USB stick, as we saw it in the case of Stuxnet. You could also use conventional worm technology for spreading. Just spread it as wide as possible. And if you do that, what you end up with is a cyber weapon of mass destruction. That's the consequence that we have to face. So unfortunately, the biggest number of targets for such attacks are not in the Middle East. They're in the United States and Europe and in Japan. So all of the green areas, these are your target-rich environments. We have to face the consequences, and we better start to prepare right now.
Thanks.
(Applause)
Chris Anderson: I've got a question. Ralph, it's been quite widely reported that people assume that Mossad is the main entity behind this. Is that your opinion?
Ralph Langner: Okay, you really want to hear that? Yeah. Okay. My opinion is that the Mossad is involved, but that the leading force is not Israel. So the leading force behind that is the cyber superpower. There is only one, and that's the United States -- fortunately, fortunately. Because otherwise, our problems would even be bigger.
CA: Thank you for scaring the living daylights out of us. Thank you Ralph.
(Applause)
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After Effects Tutorial Super Opening Title - English
This Tutorial is now a bit outdated, log on to the page listed above to see the NEW AND IMPROVED SUPER TEXT TUTORIAL... WITH HIGH RESOLUTION...
This Tutorial is now a bit outdated, log on to the page listed above to see the NEW AND IMPROVED SUPER TEXT TUTORIAL... WITH HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES!!!!
In this tutorial we will be taking a look at how to create a title effect similar to what you have seen in many, many, MANY superhero and science fiction movies. Of course, the effect was popularized by a certain SUPER MAN who shall remain nameless. Enjoy!
9m:17s
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